A very short evaluation (24-Dec-2010), based on 32
returned forms
|
Best speakers: Sobel,
Gottfried, Wilson, Lundström and Boland |
||||
|
Best chairpersons: Larsson,
Gudziol, Margot and Nordin |
||||
|
Ratings |
|
|||
|
Scientific program (mean, 0-10): |
8.6 |
|
||
|
Consider
to come back (mean, 0-10): |
9.5 |
|
||
|
Announcement of the
|
human The meeting is going to take place in Dresden, Germany.
It will begin on Thursday, December 2nd, and end on Saturday,
December 4th, of 2010. It will be followed by an international meeting of
the German Working Group
“olfaction and gustation” which will begin on Saturday evening, December
4th and end on Sunday afternoon, December 5th
. |
About the meeting: The human CHEMOSENSATION 2010 meeting is a
conference in the tradition of a series of meetings which started in 1995 at
the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Erlangen, Germany. These
three previous meetings, termed BIORESPONSE, of this series of conferences have
been received extremely well by all participants, largely because a major focus
is on the interpersonal exchange between researchers.
The scientific focus of the meeting is on human chemosensation. Among
other topics the 2010 meeting is going to highlight qualitative olfactory
dysfunction.
Continuing medical education: Each day of the meeting will get you 6
points. 
Location: It is organized by the Smell & Taste Clinic of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany; phone +49-351-458-4189 or
-3197. The conference venue will be at the facilities of the Medizinisch Technisches Zentrum,
Fiedlerstrasse 42 (Google Earth
Coordinates: 51.054239 13.783372) (site map).
Please click here to receive information how to get there. Help desk telephone number: +49-1629-566 056
Fee for
participation is 125 Euro, for people with an industrial
background it is 600 Euro; students pay 35 Euro (although these fees also cover participation in the meeting
of the Working Group Olfaction and Gustation on Sunday, 5th of
December it would be wonderful if a donation would be made in order to
defray costs for the meeting of the Working Group). Accompanying persons
who would like to participate in the dinners pay 40 euro per dinner. The fee
should preferably be paid by cash at the registration desk; however, it can
also be paid by CreditCard or bank transfer.
Deadline for registration is Sunday, the 21st of November 2010. Please send an informal
application including an abstract to Thomas Hummel. Please indicate whether you would prefer an oral or a poster
presentation. Also, please indicate whether you would like to participate in
the dinner on Friday (3rd of Dec) and Saturday (4th of
Dec).
Participants: The following
distinguished scientists will contribute to the meeting as invited speakers:
and Wilhelm Boland, Jena, who would talk about
“Volatiles, the language of plants.”
Program
please click for download PDFs: sketch,
full
program
Poster Size: 100 cm (H) x 120 cm (W)
Support: The meeting receives very generous support through the DFG / Priority Programme SPP 1392
. 
We also gratefully acknowledge other support
which comes from symrise 
, Burghart Messtechnik 
, Cospar 
, Givaudan 
, International
Fragrance Association 
, Firmenich 
, Neuroscan 
, and Takasago 
.
- There are competetive ECRO travel
awards for students/researchers who would like to participate in the
CHEMOSENSATION meeting. Deadline for application is the 30th of
September!
- During the conference
a poster
prize will be awarded.
|
Professor University of Dresden
Medical School Fetscherstr. 74 , 01307
Dresden, Germany +49-1629-566
056 fax
+49-351-458-4326 |
The entire abstracts (including title, list of authors
etc.) should have a maximal length of 2500 Characters (including spaces). Please note whether
you would like to have a poster or an oral presentation. Abstracts will be
published in Frontiers
of Integrative Neuroscience
Abstracts should be organized as follows:
Author Data
First Name (s), Middle Name (s), Last Name (s) email
Heinrich von Heine, hh@gmail.com
Author Affiliation
Organization Name, Department, City, Country
Universitaet Duesseldorf, Clinical Neurology, Duesseldorf,
Deutschland
Abstract Title
How temporal lobe lesion affects
musical emotion
Abstract
Studies of patients who have
undergone unilateral temporal lobe resection for the relief of intractable
epilepsy have demonstrated impaired memory and emotional processing of music
providing considerable advances in the cognitive neuroscience of music. In this
presentation, I will review our previous findings demonstrating the involvement
of the amygdala and of the parahippocampal cortex in recognizing emotion
induced by musical listening. Then, recent data illustrating
how emotional content of stimuli influences musical memory will be reported.
All these results will be presented in relation to the specificity of music and
the relevance of examining musical emotion and its relation to memory will be
discussed opening up interesting paths to study interactions between cognitive
and clinical neurosciences.
Acknowledgements
Keywords (up to 10)
temporal lobe
lesions,
Presentation Type: Poster
Topic: Brain Lesion
It is planned to publish the abstracts in Frontiers in
Integrative Neuroscience (although this is still a matter of discussion).
Authors who do not wish do have their abstracts published are asked to indicate
this in a covering letter to Thomas
Hummel. Abstracts can be submitted by email, snail
mail, or fax.
Conference fees can be paid either in cash or by
credit card or by money transfer. To pay by credit card please email the
following information to Thomas
Hummel
Credit Card payment:
Last name, first name (as
written on card)
Card
Type (VISA or MASTERCARD)
Credit
card number
Expiration
date
Conference
fee
Email
for possible inquiry
Money transfer - please send the money to the following account:
Within Germany:
Carl Gustav Carus Management GmbH
Important: Please indicate as purpose of the payment
“CHEMOSENSATION” plus your name
Bank: Deutsche Kreditbank AG
BLZ: 120 300 00
Account number: 11 248 333
From outside of Germany:
Receiver: Carl Gustav Carus Management GmbH
Important: Please indicate as purpose of the payment
“CHEMOSENSATION” plus your name
IBAN: DE
71 1203 0000 0011 248 333
BIC: BYLADEM
1001
The European
Chemoreception Organisation (ECRO) generously agreed to give out travel
awards to students or researchers who would like to attend the CHEMOSENSATION
meeting. Applicants are asked, among others, to send a CV, bibliography,
accompanying letter and a letter of recommendation from the head of their
institution to Sylvia
Anton, general Secretary of ECRO, until
the 30th of September 2010.
The best 3 posters will receive a prize. Awardees will
be determined through the Scientific Board. Prizes will be announced at the end
of the meeting. They will have the opportunity to present their work during the
award ceremony. First prize is 150 Euro, second is 100 Euro and 3rd prize is
50 Euro. The awardees will be announced on the 4th of December, at
around 5 p.m.
The scientific board consists of
the following people
Head: Moustafa Bensafi (Lyon); Members: Martin Witt (Rostock), Basile Landis (Bern); Johannes Frasnelli (Montreal) and Simona Negoias (Dresden); the board will
select the poster prize awardees. The awardees will be announced on the 4th
of December, at around 5 p.m.
How to
get to the conference site? MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42,
D-01307 Dresden
from the Airport:
From the Airport, please take the train S2 (every 30
min) to the train station Bahnhof-Neustadt. Then take the tram no. 6, direction
Niedersedlitz, to the station Augsburger Strasse / Universitätsklinik. Cross the street and walk along the street Augsburger Strasse till
you come after 50 m to the intersection with Fiedlerstrasse. Take a right
and find the entrance of the MTZ to your right after 100 m.
by train:
From the main
train station (Hauptbahnhof) please take the tram no. 10 from Hauptbahnhof Nord, direction Striessen, to the station
Fetscherplatz. Then take the tram no. 12,
direction Striessen, to the station Augsburger Strasse / Universitätsklinik. Cross the street and walk along the street Augsburger Strasse till
you come after 50 m to the intersection with Fiedlerstrasse. Take a
right and find the entrance of the MTZ to your right after 100 m.
From the train
station Bahnhof Neustadt take the tram no. 6, direction Niedersedlitz, to
the station Augsburger Strasse / Universitätsklinik. Cross
the street and walk along the street Augsburger Strasse till you come after 50
m to the intersection with Fiedlerstrasse. Take a right and find the
entrance of the MTZ to your right after 100 m.
by car:
From the Highway A4 and A13: Take the highway exit
Dresden-Hellerau (No. 81a) and follow the signs along Hansa Strasse to
the centre of Dresden „Zentrum“ until the point when you pass the train station, „Dresden-Neustadt“. At the first traffic light after the train
station, turn left, (you may only turn left
here) and drive straight on following the signs to the „Staatskanzlei“. Passing the Staatskanzlei on your right,
follow the sign „Zentrum“ and cross the Albert-Bridge. At the second
traffic light after the bridge turn left and follow
the sign „Johannstadt” into Gerokstrasse which will later
become Blasewitzer Strasse. When you reach the third
traffic light turn left into Fetscherstrasse. At the
the first intersection turn right into Fiedlerstrasse. After 400 m on
the right you will find the MTZ.
Where to stay?
prices are estimates
|
Category A
(*****) |
Single: Euro
170; |
city center |
|
|
please ask |
city center |
||
|
please ask |
city center |
||
|
Other |
Single: Euro
100-111; |
city center |
|
|
please ask |
city center |
||
|
Euro 90-105 |
city center |
||
|
Single: Euro
105-125; |
city center |
||
|
Single: Euro
85 |
my favorite hotel in Dresden (says Thomas Hummel) |
||
|
Single: Euro
140; |
city center |
||
|
Single: Euro
78-98; |
1.5 km to
conference venue |
||
|
Single: Euro
70; |
3 km to
conference venue |
||
|
Euro 56-95 |
city center |
||
|
Approx. 80 Euro |
3 km to
conference venue |
||
|
Approx. 80 Euro |
|||
|
Approx. 60 Euro up |
800 m to conference
venue (nice place - says Thomas Hummel) |
||
|
Single: from 60
Euros up |
800 m to conference
venue (very nice place - says Thomas Hummel) |
:
a tour through Dresden
City of
Dresden homepage
Dresden and Saxony (Dresden is the
state capitol of Saxony!)
Modified from a map from GOOGLE MAPS (http://maps.google.de/maps?hl=de&ie=UTF-8&tab=wl)
Modified based on a screenshot taken from GOOGLE
EARTH
Modified based on a screenshot taken from GOOGLE EARTH
Program
please
click for download PDFs: sketch,
full
program
Overview
Thursday, 2nd of December
6 p.m. Registration/Gettogether at the Academy of arts
at the “Brühlsche Terrassen” in the historical center. There will be drinks and nice fingerfood but no real dinner - it is
meant to meet and talk and to plan the rest of the evening from there. See map how to get there - please check mark number 1.
Friday, 3rd of December
9.00 a.m. to 5.15 p.m. Scientific program
5.45 p.m. bus transfer to the Historic
Green Vault (10 people have to be there already at 5:30 p.m., the rmaining
60 should be there at 6 p.m.)
6.00 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. Guided tours (audioguide)
through the Historic
Green Vault (only 70 tickets available! Please register in advance)
7.30 p.m. Dinner at the Chiaveri Restaurant in the building housing the Saxonian Parliament ("Sächsischer
Landtag")
Saturday, 4th of December
9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Scientific program
5.45 p.m. bus transfer to the “Italienisches Dörfchen” where the tours start
6.00 p.m. to
7.15 p.m. Guided tours (in English and German) through the historic center
7.30 p.m. Dinner at the Kanonenhof, beneath the
Bruhlsche Terrassen in the historical center
7.00 p.m. to
8.15 p.m.: For people interested in modern, contemporary opera: for the 4th of
December there are also 4 free tickets available (please ask at help desk) for
the opera “GISELA! oder: Die merk- und denkwürdigen Wege des Glücks”. Musictheatre
by Hans Werner Henze, Christian Lehnert and Michael Kerstan; for singers,
actors, mixed little choir and instruments, Performed in German with German
subtitles;
Official
end of the human CHEMOSENSATION 2010 conference
Continued by the annual December meeting of the
German Working Group on Olfaction and Gustation (meeting language: English)
Help desk telephone number: +49-1629-566 056
Sunday, 5th
of December
9.00 a.m. to 2.30 p.m. Scientific
program
annual December meeting of the German Working Group on
Olfaction and Gustation (meeting language: English)
Help desk telephone number: +49-1629-566 056
Welcome by Prof. Zahnert, Chair of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
University of Dresden Medical School
9:00-10:30 chair: Maria Larsson
9:00-9:45
Clinical Windows into the Basic Neuroscience of Human
Olfaction
Jay Gottfried
9:45-10:07 Spatio-temporal correlates of taste
perception
Ariel
Schoenfeld
10:08-10:30 Life span cognitive development: Cross-sectional or longitudinal data
Lars-Göran
Nilsson
10:30-11:00 coffee
break; refreshments available at Seminar Room 6, up on the 3rd
floor
11:00-12:30 chair: Johan Lundstrom
11:00-11:45 Predicting odorant perception
and neural activity from odorant structure
Noam
Sobel
11:45-12:07 Exploring monomolecular odorants.
Christian
Margot
12:08-12:30 Parosmia and Phantosmia
Steven Nordin
12:30-13:30 lunch;
basic foods and drinks refreshments available at Seminar Room 6, up on the 3rd
floor; those who would like to have a “real” lunch are advised to go the Mensa
or one of the restaurants closeby
13:30-15:00 chair: Volker Gudziol
13:30-14:15 The
flexible olfactory brain
Pierre-Marie
Lledo
14:15-14:37 The
olfactory bulb: from basic research to the clinic.
Philippe Rombaux
14:38-15:00 Olfaction in an animal model of Niemann-Pick disease
Martin
Witt
15:00-15:30 coffee
break; refreshments available at Seminar Room 6, up on the 3rd
floor
15:30-17:30 chair: Thierry Thomas-Danguin
15:30-16:00 Olfaction and sleep
Boris Stuck
16:00-16:15 Dietary
odorant transmission into human milk: chemical and physiological considerations
Andrea Büttner
16:15-16:30 Electrical
neuroimaging of processing different tastants in humans
Kathrin Ohla
16:30-16:45 Influence of night-time
odorant-application on dreams
Julia Vent
16:45-17:00 The
Chemosensory Responses in Blind, Deaf and Healthy Humans
Murat Ozgoren
17:00-17:15 Bourgeonal
olfactory threshold and human capacity of reproduction: A prospective study
Giancarlo Ottaviano
17:15-17:30 Factors
Associated with Presbyosmia: A Population Approach
Jayant
M. Pinto
17.45 bus transfer to the Historic
Green Vault (10 people have to be there already at 5:30 p.m., the remaining
60 should be there at 6 p.m.)
18.00 to 19.00 Guided tours (audioguide) through the Historic
Green Vault (only 70 tickets available! Please register in advance)
19.30 Dinner at the Chiaveri Restaurant in the building housing the Saxonian Parliament ("Sächsischer
Landtag")
Saturday, 4th of
December
Help desk telephone number: +49-1629-566 056
9:00-10:30 chair: Christian Margot
9:00-9:45 Perceptual plasticity
in olfaction
Donald A. Wilson
9:45-10:07 Determinants of
inter-individual variability in odor hedonic
perception
Moustafa Bensafi
10:07-10:30 Genetic influences on age-related
olfactory decline
Maria
Larsson
10:30-11:00 coffee
break; refreshments available at Seminar Room 2, up on the 2nd
floor
11:00-12:30 chair: Monique Smeets
11:00-11:45 Mammary odor cues and
pheromones: a comparative view on infant-directed communication about milk
Benoist Schaal
11:45-12:30 The
Importance of Body Odors: from Neurons to Behavior and Back
Johan
N. Lundström
12:30-13:30 lunch;
basic foods and drinks refreshments available at Seminar Room 2, up on the 2nd
floor; those who would like to have a “real” lunch are advised to go the Mensa
or one of the restaurants closeby
13:30-14:30 poster session: presenters are asked to be at their poster during
this time
14:30-15:15 chair: Antje Welge-Lüsssen
14:30-15:15 Volatiles, the language of plants.
Wilhelm Boland
15:15-15:45 coffee
break; refreshments available at Seminar Room 2, up on the 2nd
floor
15:45-17:15 chair: Steven Nordin
15:45-16:07 Trigeminal chemosensation in pain research
Jörn
Lötsch
16:08-16:30 Tracing
the temporal dynamics of olfactory processing with EEG source imaging
Christoph M. Michel
16:30-16:52 High-resolution spatio-temporal characterization of
olfactory information processing using simultaneous EEG-fMRI
Carolin
Mößnang
16:53-17:15 Evidence for ventral and dorsal streams in the
chemical senses
Johannes
Frasnelli
17:15-17:30 poster awards - chair: Moustafa Bensafi
17.45 bus transfer to the “Italienisches Dörfchen” where the tours start
18.00 to 19.15
Guided tours (in English and German) through the historic center
19.30 Dinner at the Kanonenhof, beneath the Bruhlsche
Terrassen in the historical center
19.00 - 20.15
p.m.: For people interested in modern, contemporary opera: for the 4th of
December there are also 3 free tickets
available for the opera “GISELA! oder: Die merk- und denkwürdigen Wege des Glücks”.
Musictheatre
by Hans Werner Henze, Christian Lehnert and Michael Kerstan; for singers,
actors, mixed little choir and instruments, Performed in German with German
subtitles;
Official
end of the human CHEMOSENSATION 2010 conference
Continued by the annual December meeting of the
German Working Group on Olfaction and Gustation (meeting language: English)
Poster sessions
13:30-14:30 Saturday, 4th of Dec - Poster
presentations (60 min)
Presenters are asked to be present during 13:30 to
14:30
Poster boards will be available from the morning
of the 3rd of Dec on, posters should be taken down in the afternoon of the 4th
of Dec
Cross-modal interactions
P01 Crossmodal olfactory-visual integration in humans
Jessica Albrecht1; Valentin Schriever2,
Eva C. Alden1, Johan N. Lundström1,3,4
1,3
Philadelphia; 2
Göttingen; 4Stockholm; jessica.albrecht@me.com
P02
An Examination of Behavioral Odor Data in Sensory
disabled individuals
Adile Oniz*,
Ipek Erdogan, Onur Bayazit, Murat Ozgoren
Izmir; *adile.oniz@deu.edu.tr
P03
Auditory cues modulate odor pleasantness
Han-Seok Seo, Franziska Lohse, Thomas Hummel
Dresden; hanseok94@gmail.com
Odor memory / Odor
induced emotions
P04
The Neural Architecture of Autobiographical Odor-Evoked Memories
Artin Arshamian1,2,
Emilia Iannilli2 , Johan Willander1, Jonas Persson3,Han-seok
Seo2, & Thomas Hummel2, Maria Larsson1
1,3 Stockholm; 2 Dresden; artin.arshamian@psychology.su.se
P05 Revisiting the myth of the longevity of
olfactory memory
Stina Cornell Kärnekull,
Fredrik U Jönsson, Johan Willander, & Maria Larsson
Stockholm; stina.ck@hotmail.com
P06
Olfactory learning during sleep
Anat Arzi, Limor Shedlesky
Anton Plotkin, Aharon Weissbrod and Noam Sobel
Rehovot; anat.arzi@gmail.com
P07
Ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions
Elisabeth Lingg1, Sandra Weber2, Eva Heuberger 1,3
1 Vienna; 2 San Diego, 3 Saabrücken; e.heuberger@mx.uni-saarland.de
Olfactory function
P08
Varying the mode of
sniffing alters intra-nasal odorant concentrations
Jonathan Beauchamp1, Mandy Scheibe2, Thomas Hummel2
and Andrea Buettner1,3
1Freising; 2 Dresden; 3Erlangen, jonathan.beauchamp@ivv.fraunhofer.de
P09
Olfactory fat detection in human subjects
Sanne Boesveldt1,2,
Eva C. Alden1, Johan N. Lundström1,3,4;
1Philadelphia; 2Wageningen;
4Stockholm; sanne.boesveldt@wur.nl
P10
A behavioural odour-similarity “space” in larval Drosophila
Chen Yi-chun,
Mishra Dushyant, Schmitt Linda, Michael Schmuker, Gerber Bertram
Würzburg,; chen.yi-chun@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
P11 Dissimilarity of
blending mixture and components in an olfactory space
1,2 Dijon; Charlotte.Sinding@dijon.inra.fr
Trigeminal function
P12
Trigeminal
modulation of olfactory reception
Philipp Daiber and
Frank Möhrlen
Heidelberg,
philipp.daiber@arcor.de
P13
Training the inter-nostril localization ability of
olfactory chemicals
Simona Negoias 1, Oxana Aszmann 1,
and Johannes Gerber 2 and Thomas Hummel 1
1,2 Dresden; simonanegoias@yahoo.com
Odor valence
P14 On the relation
between perceived intensity and pleasantness of olfactory stimuli and brain
activity observed using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Friedrich Müller1, Necla Soyak1,
Kathrin Kandel1, Bernd Weber2, Jennifer Faber2,
Simona Negoias3, Artin Arshamian3, and Thomas Hummel3
1 Lueneburg, 2Bonn; 3Dresden; f.mueller@uni-leuphana.de
P15 Hormones as
Predictors of Odor Pleasantness?
Sokratis Trellakis a, Cornelia Fischer a,
Jens Greve a, Alena Rydleuskaya a, Sefik Tagay b, André Scherag c, Ali E.
Canbay d, Thomas K. Hoffmann a, Stephan Lang a, Sven Brandau a
a-d Essen; sokratis.trellakis@uk-essen.de
Mixed bag
P16
Delayed decrease of pleasantness ratings
in congenital anosmia during consumption of a simple food
Lenka Novakova1, Viola
Engelhardt2, Jan Havlicek1, Ilona Croy2
1 Prague, 2 Dresden; lenka.novakova@yahoo.com
P17
Infant Olfactory Event-Related Potentials
Góis-Eanes, M.*, Cruz, S.*, Schuster, B.**, Gonçalves, O.*, Sampaio, A.*
* Minho, ** Dresden; maria.gois@gmail.com
P18 Olfactory
effect on semantic access : Do odors influence
children’s verbal fluency ?
Alix Seigneuric 1 2 (alix.seigneuric@u-bourgogne.fr); Karine Durand 1 2; Daniel McCall 3; Tao Jiang 1 2; Benoist Schaal 1 2
1Dijon ; 2Dijon-Dresden EAL 549 ; 3Gettysburg
P19 Sexually dimorphic hypothalamic responses to
steroid compound androstadienone – an fMRI study
Sarah M. Burke1, Johannes Gerber2,
Dick Veltman3, Thomas Hummel4, Julie Bakker156
1,3,6: Amsterdam;
2,4: Dresden; 5: Liege; s.burke@vumc.nl
P20 Olfactory granule
cell-specific silencing slows down odor discrimination time in mice
Bhavana Shrivastava1, Ruud
Toonen2, Matthijs Verhage2 and Thomas Kuner1
1 Heidelberg; 2 Amsterdam; bhavss4@gmail.com
Odors modulate behavior
P21
Stress-reducing effects from orange odor
exposure in humans in an experimental setting
Monique Smeets1,
Jasper de Groot1, Annemarie Kaldewaij1, Alexander Toet2,
Lorenz van Doornen1
P22
Sandalwood oil alters facial
attractiveness
Iris Stappen1,
Martina Hoeferl1, Eva Heuberger1,2
1 Vienna 2 Saarbruecken Iris.stappen@univie.ac.at
Clinical
P23
No brain-response
to a human chemosignal in congenital anosmia
Sagit Shushan1, 2,
Yaara Yeshurun1, Yehuda Roth2, and Noam Sobel1
1 Rehovot, 2Holon; sashushan@gmail.com
P24
Helicobacter pylori infection
and smell-taste distortion: a case report
Maria Paola Cecchini1, Camilla
Pellegrini2, Maria Antonietta Bassetto1, Francesco
Osculati3, Andrea Sbarbati1, Marcolini L4, and Lucia De Franceschi2
1,2,4 Verona 3 Messina; mmariapaola@gmail.com
P25
Structural and functional alterations in the
olfaction system associated with Parkinson Disease
Jochen Klucken1,
Carolin Moessnang2, Johannes Kahlis3, Nina Mallog3,
Beate Winner4, Gerhard Schuierer3, Mark Greenlee2,
Juergen Winkler1
1,2 Erlangen, 2,3 Regensburg;
jochen.klucken@uk-erlangen.de
P26 Olfactory
neuroblastoma: Our ten-year experience
Alberto Macchi°, ;Fabio
Ferreli° ; Luca Volpi^ ; Stefania Gallo*; Paolo Castelnuovo°
° Varese; ^ Sassari;
* Brescia, studiodottormacchi@virgilio.it
P27
Taste disorder and sensory dysfunction
after middle ear surgery
Akiko Sakaguchi, Tomomi Nin,
Hirokazu Katsura, and Masafumi Sakagami,
Hyogo; akkocafe5492@yahoo.co.jp
P28
Congenitally anosmic adults report less
maternal care than normosmics - a retrospective questionnaire study
Lenka Novakova1,
Jan Havlicek1, and Ilona Croy2
1 Prague; 2 Dresden, lenka.novakova@yahoo.com
Assessment of smell
and taste
P29 The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an indicator of congenital anosmia
Huart C1,2, Meusel T3, Gerber J4, Rombaux P1, Hummel T3
1,2Brussels, 3,4 Dresden; caro_huart@hotmail.com
P30
Riech-O-Mat: A small and simple olfactometer for fMRI studies
J.U. Sommer, C. Heiser, B.A.Stuck, T. Hummel
Mannheim and Dresden; mail@ulrich-sommer.de
P31
Automated
odor presentation for odor identification testing
Valentin Schriever1, Samanta Sviana2,
and Thomas Hummel3,
1Goettingen; 2Salvaterra de Magos; 3
Dresden; valentin.schriever@mac.com
P32 A new test for qualitative olfactory dysfunction
using an extended version of the “Sniffin`Sticks”
B Renner1, S Zapf1, AH Esmi2, I Esfandeyari2, CA
Mueller2
1 Erlangen, 2 Vienna; renner@pharmakologie.uni-erlangen.de
P33
Does
the method of limits reveal subjects’ capability to determine odor thresholds?
Friedrich Müller and Matthias Metz
Lueneburg, f.mueller@uni-leuphana.de
P34
Assessment of oral trigeminal sensitivity
in healthy subjects by electrical stimulation.
Timomi Nin
Hyogo; ninniku245@hotmail.com
P35
OLAF, a Sniffin'
Sticks test software
C. Hummel1, A. Zucco2, E. Iannilli1,
B. Landis3, T. Hummel1
1 Dresden, 2 Padova 3 Bern;
hummeltc@web.de
P36
From
subjective to objective electrogustometry
Tomasz Kamiński and Antoni Grzanka
Warsaw, Poland; Tomasz_Kaminski@aster.pl
P37 From manual to automatic
subjective electrogustometry
Tomasz Kamiński1,
Antoni Grzanka1, Anna Choromańska1,2,
1 Warsaw, Poland; 2 New York,
USA; Tomasz_Kaminski@aster.pl
P38 Representation of umami and salt taste in the
human brain
Singh PB1,3,
Iannilli E1, Schuster B1, Gerber J2, Hummel T1
1,2Dresden, 2,Oslo p.b.singh@odont.uio.no
P39 Olfactory dysfunction in patients with
Parkinson’s disease is related to gray matter atrophy in regions of the
olfactory cortex
Antje Welge-Lüssen1,
Elise Wattendorf2, Thomas Hummel3, Birgit Westermann4
1Basel, 2 Fribourg, 3Dresden,
4 Basel; awelge@uhbs.ch
Abstracts
Crossmodal olfactory-visual
integration in humans
Jessica Albrecht1, jessica.albrecht@me.com; Valentin Schriever2,
valentin.schriever@mac.com;
Eva C. Alden1, ealden@monell.org; Johan N. Lundström1,3,4, jlundstrom@monell.org
1Monell Center, Cognitive Neuroimaging
Laboratory, Philadelphia, USA; 2University of Göttingen, Department
of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, Göttingen, Germany; 3University
of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, USA; 4Karolinska
Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
In our everyday lives
we are faced with multisensory rather than pure unisensory experiences. It has
been shown that stimulation of more than one sensory modality enhances
behavioral variables and modulates cognitive brain processes. The largest
perceptual effects occur when the stimuli are congruent in their spatial and
temporal presentation, but also a congruent semantic context is of importance.
During a first experiment we assessed the effects of congruent and incongruent
visual stimuli on olfactory sensitivity and perceptual ratings and in a second
experiment we obtained electrophysiological (ERP) data during olfactory-visual
stimulation. In Experiment 1, we used a within-subjects 2 x 3 design to measure
olfactory thresholds for two odors while subjects viewed the image of either an
empty screen, or an image congruent or incongruent to the odor. In addition, we
acquired olfactory intensity and pleasantness ratings for each of the six conditions.
In Experiment 2, we measured visual and olfactory ERPs related to each of the
six conditions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that odor detection threshold and
ratings of odor intensity were not modulated by visual congruency; however,
congruent visual stimuli significantly enhanced odor pleasantness ratings for
both odors in comparison to either blank or incongruent visual stimulation. ERP
data from Experiment 2 is currently being evaluated and will be presented.
Results from Experiment 1 suggest that peripheral olfactory functions are not
modulated by visual stimuli, whereas higher-order cognitive olfactory processes
are influenced by a congruent visual stimulus.
Acknowledgements: Supported by start-up funds
from the Monell Center awarded to JNL and a DAAD postdoctoral fellowship
D/08/40252 awarded to JA.
The
Neural Architecture of Autobiographical Odor-Evoked Memories
Artin Arshamian1,2,
Emilia Iannilli2 , Johan Willander1, Jonas Persson3,Han-seok
Seo2, & Thomas Hummel2, Maria Larsson1
1Gösta Ekman Laboratory,
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden; 2Department
of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Germany; 3Department
of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden; artin.arshamian@psychology.su.se
Autobiographical
memory (AM) refers to the ability to remember past events from one’s life. Both
behavioral and neuroimaging research on autobiographical memory has mainly
focused on memory recollections generated by verbal cues. The overall aim of
this study was to investigate the neural correlates of olfactory evoked
memories, and how these may differ from AMs evoked by the verbal referents of
the cue odors. Furthermore, potential remoteness effects of the retrieved
memories on neural activity were investigated. Following a pre-selection
procedure, eighteen participants (age range:
20-28 years) with specified spontaneous evoked olfactory AMs were included.
During scanning, subjects were presented with both the target odor and its
verbal referent and instructed to retrieve the respective target memory. As
control tasks, participants were asked to passively smell a non-memory evoking
odor and to visually perceive its verbal referent. Preliminary analyses
indicate that olfactory evoked memories overall produced less activation than
verbally evoked memories. In congruence with previous work, verbally triggered
memories produced a substantial frontal activity including the right dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. In contrast, retrieval of olfactory
evoked memories was primarily localized to limbic structures (e.g.,
hippocampus, anterior cingulate). Interestingly, in contrast to retrieval of
older AM, recollection of more recent AMs was related to higher activity in the
left hippocampus. In conclusion, the overall findings from the present study
favor the notion that verbal cues initiate a strategically driven retrieval
process, whereas olfactory stimuli produce a more automatic and direct
retrieval process.
Olfactory learning during sleep
Anat Arzi, Limor Shedlesky Anton Plotkin,
Aharon Weissbrod and Noam Sobel
Department of
Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76110, Israel. anat.arzi@gmail.com
Sleep is a state of
relatively suspended sensory and motor activity. Sleep is distinguished from
quiet wakefulness in part by decreased reactions to external stimuli. However,
evidence suggests that external stimuli, mainly auditory, are nevertheless processed
during sleep. Olfaction may offer unique insight into sensory processing during
sleep, in that it entails an implicit sensorymotor measure of stimulus content,
namely sniffing. During wake, sniffs are truncated in response to either
intense or unpleasant odorants. Previous work suggested that odorants presented
during sleep don’t wake, but do modify respiratory patterns.
Here we used measures
of sniffing during sleep to ask three independent questions:
1. Is odorant
pleasantness processed in sleep?
2. Can odors
presented during sleep condition a response generated during sleep?
3. Can odors
presented during sleep condition a response generated in later wake?
We recorded the
following physiological measurements from 34 subjects: electroencephalogram,
electrooculogram, electromyogram, electrocardiogram, blood oxygenation, and
nasal respiration. Subjects wore a small nasal mask where we could deliver
odorants at a flow rate of 3 LPM in a controlled fashion, with no non-olfactory
cues as to odorant onset and offset.
During sleep, partial
conditioning between odor and sound was generated at a ratio of 2:1. On each
Conditioning trial (two thirds of all trials), an auditory stimulus was
triggered by an inhalation, and was followed by an olfactory stimulus. We used
two auditory stimuli (pure tones of 1200 Hz or 400 Hz, duration = 1 sec), each
paired with one of two olfactory stimuli (the pleasant odor of deodorant or the
unpleasant odor of rotten fish (duration = 3 sec). About half an hour after the
subjects woke up they were tested for a conditioned response: three auditory
stimuli were presented, 1200Hz, 400Hz and a new tone of 800Hz that was not
present during the night (8 repetitions each), while nasal respiration was
recorded.
As to the first
question, we found that odor pleasantness influenced respiratory patterns in
sleep in a manner similar to wake: unpleasant odorants were followed by
truncated respirations. As to the second question, we found that sounds paired
with pleasant or unpleasant odorants later induced dissociable respiratory
responses during sleep, even in the absence of odor. This suggests learning
during sleep. Finally, regarding the third question, our data suggests that
odor-sound pairings learned during sleep are then retained during wake.
Varying the mode of sniffing alters intra-nasal odorant concentrations
Jonathan Beauchamp1, Mandy Scheibe2, Thomas Hummel2
and Andrea Buettner1,3 jonathan.beauchamp@ivv.fraunhofer.de
1Fraunhofer IVV, Sensory Analytics,
Freising, Germany; 2University of Dresden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
Dresden, Germany; 3University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of
Chemistry and Pharmacy, Erlangen, Germany
In the early 1980s Laing showed that
optimum odour perception is achieved with just a single sniff. Today, almost
three decades later, there is still a great deal of uncertainty as to what is
actually happening to the odorant molecules inside the nose. We have
investigated intra-nasal odorant concentrations at the nostril and olfactory
cleft using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). By asking
subjects to alter their mode of sniffing it was possible to monitor in
real-time absolute odorant intensities according to inhalation performance.
Determinants of inter-individual variability
in odor hedonic perception
Chakirian A, Chastrette M, Rouby C, and Bensafi M
CNRS and University of Lyon, France; bensafi@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr
In humans, odors are usually first
described by their hedonic character.
Such hedonic appreciation can vary significantly between individuals for a
particular odor whereas for other chemical stimuli there seems to be an
agreement between subjects. Here we will present psychophysical data
showing that such hedonic variability is correlated with both physicochemical
parameters and semantic descriptors.
Olfactory fat detection in
human subjects
Sanne Boesveldt1,2, Eva C. Alden1, Johan N. Lundström1,3,4;
sanne.boesveldt@wur.nl
1Monell
Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, USA; 2Division of Human
Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 3University
of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, USA; 4Karolinska
Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
In Western diet, about 40% of
daily caloric intake is lipids, despite the fact that the recommended level is
at least 10% lower. This high-fat supply greatly contributes to the prevalence of
obesity and associated diseases. The desire to consume high volumes of fat is
thought to originate from an evolutionary pressure to horde calories where fat
is among the few energy sources that we can store over a longer time period.
Indeed, recent data has shown that the human oral cavity contains a taste
receptor for lipids that is specifically tuned to recognize fatty acids (FAs).
From an ecological perspective however, it would make more sense for both
humans and rodents to be able to detect the fat content of food from a distance
rather than being forced to put a potential toxic substance in your mouth for
evaluation: We hypothesized that humans can detect fat content by our sense of
smell.
We assessed subjects’ ability
to discriminate between three different milk samples containing varying
percentages of milk fat (skim 0.125%, fat 2.8%, and medium, consisting of a
50/50 mixture of the skim and fat, equaling 1.46%). Based on a
three-alternative, forced-choice odor discrimination test, repeated 9 times per
triplet (attaining a chance level of 3), blindfolded subjects (n=32) were
significantly able to discriminate the skim milk from medium (mean 4.25), as
well as skim milk from fat milk (mean 5.72). However, subjects were unable to
discriminate the medium milk from fat milk (mean 3.34). We further ascertained
that discrimination was based solely on odor quality by removing trials where
discrimination was reportedly based on intensity differences. In conclusion,
these data demonstrate that humans have a functional olfactory detection system
for fat with a seeming ability of discrimination between grades of fat content.
Acknowledgements: Supported
by start-up funds from the Monell Chemical Senses Center awarded to JNL. We would like to thank FrieslandCampina for
providing us with the milk powder samples.
Sexually dimorphic hypothalamic responses to steroid
compound androstadienone – an fMRI study
Sarah
M. Burke1, Johannes
Gerber2, Dick Veltman3, Thomas Hummel4, Julie
Bakker156
1: Department of Medical Psychology,
VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2:
Department of Neuroradiology, University of
Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany; 3: Department of Psychiatry, VU
university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4: Department of
Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany; 5:
GIGA Neuroscience, University of Liege, Belgium; 6: Netherlands Institute for
Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; s.burke@vumc.nl
The steroid 4,16-androstadien-3-one
(androstadienone), a derivative of testosterone, is found mainly in male sweat
and has been attributed to have pheromonal properties. Thus, exposure to androstadienone
has been found to elevate mood and autonomic responses in women, but not in
men. Furthermore, using positron emission tomography (PET) it was shown that
androstadienone elicits a sex-specific hypothalamic response in heterosexual
female subjects when exposed to the crystalline form of the steroid, whereas
men only exhibit activation in brain areas related to general odor processing.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether androstadienone, in more
biologically relevant concentrations, would also induce a sexually dimorphic
activation in the hypothalamus. In addition, we used functional magnetic
resonance imaging since it offers better temporal resolution than PET and
subsequently will extend our understanding of how androstadienone may be
processed in the brain. A total of 21 women
and 16 men (mean age 24,65 +/- 5,44 years), all
right-handed and heterosexual, participated. Women used no oral contraceptives
and were tested during the second or third week of their menstrual cycle to
control for any fluctuations in ovarian hormone levels. Three different
concentrations of androstadienone diluted in propylene glycol (10mmol “high”,
0.1mmol “medium,” and 0.001mmol “low”) were delivered to the subjects’ nostrils
by means of an air-dilution olfactometer. Statistical analysis of the fMRI data
revealed a significant “gender” by “odor concentration” interaction. When
exposed to the highest androstadienone concentration (10mmol) women showed a
significant hypothalamic response (p=0.012, corrected) in comparison to men,
which is in agreement with previous PET studies. By contrast, the “medium” and
“low” androstadienone concentrations, which are more biologically relevant,
revealed a significant hypothalamic activation in men compared to women
(p=0.005 and p=0.013 respectively, corrected). These results thus show that
androstadienone can activate the hypothalamus in both men and women and that
sex differences in hypothalamic activation depend on the concentration of
androstadienone.
Acknowledgements:
This
study is supported by a VICI grant from the Netherlands Science Foundation
(NWO). Julie Bakker is a research associate of the FNRS
Helicobacter
pylori infection and smell-taste distortion: a case report
Maria
Paola Cecchini1, Camilla
Pellegrini2, Maria Antonietta Bassetto1, Francesco
Osculati3, Andrea Sbarbati1, Marcolini L4, and Lucia De Franceschi2
Dep. of 1N. N. M. M.
Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section and 2 Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; 3IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy; 4 Dep. of Pathology and Diagnostics, Policlinico GB
Rossi, University of Verona, Italy; mmariapaola@gmail.com
Helicobacter
pylori (H-P) is the causative agent of worldwide distributed
infection of the mucous membranes of stomach possibly involved in severe
complications such as gastric ulcer, carcinoma or MALT-lymphoma. H-P has also
been found in dental plaque, saliva and lingual site. Up to date, taste or
olfaction disorders related to H-P infections have never been
reported. In literature revision we found two papers referring to a sour taste
sensation during H-P infection. Here, we report the case of a 24-years-old
Ghanaian woman with H-P gastric infection associated with olfaction and taste
distortion (cacosmia and hypo-cacogeusia). We performed a diagnostic work-up including chemistries,
complete blood count, abdomen x-ray, ultrasound, head computed tomography (CT)
and gastroscopy. We documented an H-P infection and we carried out the
Sniffin’Sticks Extended test, the taste evaluation with four over threshold
spray solutions and a detailed gustatory sensitivity test (Taste Strips) which
indicated an hypogeusia and highlighted a specific difficulty in
discrimination between bitter and acid taste. This chemosensory distortion
associated to nausea made the meal moment very difficult and impaired the
normal diet with patient weight loss (almost 12 kg in two years). One month and
half after H-P eradication, the patient was clinically re-evaluated and we
found the dissapearance of the bad olfactory sensation while the cacogeusia (a sort of bitter bad
taste, in particular while eating) was present only few times in a week. The
taste performance,
revealed by test scoring, improved even if sometimes a
misinterpretation of the taste bitter and acid hold over. Studies in animal
models suggest that changes in taste perception may related
to infections damaging taste buds. Based on this case we believe that a taste
evaluation might be important in a dyspeptic clinical picture in both pre and
post diagnostic phase when H-P infection is suspected. Further studies need to be
carried out in a large patient population to understand the possible connection
between H-P infection and smell-taste distortion.
A
behavioural odour-similarity “space” in larval Drosophila
Chen Yi-chun, Mishra Dushyant, Schmitt Linda,
Michael Schmuker, Gerber Bertram
Department of Neurobiology and Genetics,
University of Würzburg, Biocenter Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; chen.yi-chun@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
To provide a behaviour-based estimate of
odour similarity in larval Drosophila, we use four recognition-type
experiments: (i) We train larvae to associate an odour
with food, and then test whether they would regard another odour as the same as
the trained one. (ii) We train larvae to associate an odour with food, and test
whether they prefer the trained odour against a novel, non-trained one. (iii)
We train larvae differentially to associate one odour with food, but not the
other one, and test whether they prefer the rewarded against the non-rewarded
odour. (iv) In an experiment like (iii), we test the
larvae after a 30min-break. This yields a combined, task-independent estimate
of perceived difference between odour-pairs. Comparing these perceived
differences to published measures of physico-chemical difference reveals a weak
correlation. A notable exception are 3-octanol and benzaldehyde, which are
distinct in published accounts of chemical similarity, and in terms of their
published sensory representation, but nevertheless are consistently regarded as
the most similar of the ten odour pairs employed. It thus appears as if at
least some aspects of olfactory perception are 'computed' in post-receptor
circuits on the basis of sensory signals, rather than being immediately given
by them.
Trigeminal modulation of olfactory
reception
Philipp
Daiber and Frank Möhrlen
Universität
Heidelberg, Abteilung für Molekulare Physiologie, Heidelberg, Germany; philipp.daiber@arcor.de, Frank
Möhrlen, moehrlen@uni-hd.de
The
olfactory system and the trigeminal system have traditionally been regarded as two
separate sensory modalities that serve either odor detection or the perception
of pain. However, both the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb are
innervated by neurosecretory fibers of the trigeminal system. Moreover, only
few odorants stimulate the olfactory system exclusively (e.g. phenylethyl
alcohol, PEA). All others also activate the somatosensory trigeminal nerve.
Functional interactions between the two systems have been demonstrated in
psychophysical studies but the molecular basis of this interaction remains
unknown. When stimulated, the trigeminal system secretes substance P (SP) and
CGRP. Here we ask the question whether these neuropeptides might be involved in
modulation of olfactory receptor neurons.
We
established the presence of the receptors for SP (neurokinin 1, NK 1) and CGRP
(calcitonin receptor like receptor, CRLR, and CGRP-Receptor component protein,CGRP-RCP) on mRNA and protein levels in rat olfactory
receptor neurons (ORNs). The receptors are localized at various sites of the
ORN, but very prominently in olfactory cilia. To illuminate a possible
modulatory effect, we used EOGs (electro-olfactograms). We examined the sensory
response to the odorant (phenylethyl alcohol, PEA), which does not co-stimulate
the trigeminal system. We also studied the response to an odorant with mild
trigeminal stimulation (isoamyl acetate, IAA), as well as the response to the
irritant allyl isothiocyanate (AIC). We also examined how the trigeminal
peptides SP and CGRP affected the EOG evoked by PEA stimulation. Our data show
that trigeminal stimulation severely alters the dose-response relation of the
EOG. Moreover, the trigeminal neuropeptides display distinct effects on the
olfactory response: While SP potentiates the odor response,
CGRP has an excitatory effect on its own. These results point to a direct
modulatory impact of the trigeminal system on ORNs.
Evidence for ventral
and dorsal streams in the chemical senses
Johannes
Frasnelli
frasnelli@yahoo.com
Basic
sensory processing occurs in the primary and secondary sensory regions of the
brain, which are distinct for the different sensory systems. Higher order
processing, however, seems to follow a general subdivision into a ventral and a
dorsal stream. Object identification in the visual, auditory and tactile senses
is processed in temporal structures (ventral stream), whereas object
localization leads to activation of parietal structures (dorsal stream). A series of behavioral and imaging studies
will be presented, in which object localization and object identification was
studied using volatile compounds with olfactory and trigeminal properties,
i.e., mixed olfactory-trigeminal stimuli. Object localization was assessed as
the ability to detect which nostril was stimulated in a monorhinal
presentation; object identification was tested by asking the subject to name
the volatile compound. The results of
these studies suggest that higher order chemosensory processing shares with
other sensory systems a general subdivision into a ventral and a dorsal
processing stream for higher order processing.
Infant Olfactory
Event-Related Potentials
Góis-Eanes, M.*, Cruz, S.*, Schuster, B.**, Gonçalves, O.*, Sampaio, A.*
*Neuropsychophysiology Lab, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal ** Department of
Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Germany; maria.gois@gmail.com
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify
electrophysiological responses of around one-month-old infants when presented
with olfactory stimuli. These stimuli were offered in three different
intensities and we looked for the appearance of olfactory event-related
potentials (OERP) for each stimuli intensity.
Background: Since the birth, the neonate is able to
respond with specific behaviors to different stimuli that surround him. She may
cry when facing an aversive stimulus, shows aversion facial expressions when
presented with odors that were previously considered as unpleasant and,
likewise, is able to crawl to follow the mother´s breast odor. Behavioral
preference signals, such as head turning, when a pleasant olfactory stimuli is presented, can also be observed. These evidences
can demonstrate that the olfactory function develops from the first years of
life and that at birth this function is already operational, producing
behavioral and psychophysiological responses in the newborn.
Method: Sixty-one newborns were recruited at the
Obstetric and Pediatric services of Woman’s, Children’s and Adolescent’s
Department of Hospital Pedro Hispano, in Matosinhos, Portugal. From the total
recruited, thirteen appeared in the hospital and thirteen circa one-month old
infants participated in the study. OERP’s were registered with a total of 12 caucasian newborns (6 female, 6 male) because, due to
technical issues in the registry, the data for one infant was lost. The infants
aged between 23 to 41 days. All infants were full-term with birth weight
between 2620g to 4270g and normal Apgar score. To elicit OERP, monomodal
chemosensory nasal stimulation was performed using an Olfactometer OM2s
(Burghart Instruments, Wedel, Germany). This was achieved by embedding chemical
stimuli of 200 ms duration in a constantly flowing air stream (5 l/min) applied
to the nasal mucosa by an enteral feeding tube inserted approximately 5mm into
the nostril beyond the nasal valve area and fixed to the nose with Mefix
adhesive. For the olfactory stimulation Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol Rose-like Odor was
used (PEA, 10 30 and 50% v/v; Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany), offered in three
different sequences.
Results: At the present moment, the data analysis
is still an ongoing process and because of that there are no results to
present. But, being such an ambitious project and using methodologies that are
quite new with such young infants we can, however, conclude that collecting the
data using the procedures reported above is a doable process and that it is
possible to offer the olfactory stimuli the way we did.
Clinical Windows into
the Basic Neuroscience of Human Olfaction
Jay Gottfried
j-gottfried@northwestern.edu
Clinical studies of neurological patients can usefully serve as Nature's
"lesion models" of olfactory processing, helping to inform and
constrain basic models of olfactory perception. In this talk I will discuss our
recent work in patients with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's Disease, and Primary Progressive Aphasia, to illustrate how
patient-based investigations that combine psychophysical and neuroimaging
approaches have expanded our neuroscientific understanding of odor awareness,
odor coding, and odor semantics in the human brain.
Burning Mouth
Syndrome (BMS) and Taste
Miriam
Grushka
Department
of Oral Medicine & Orofacial Pain, Toronto; mgrushka@yahoo.com
This
talk will review the common characteristics and recently proposed etiologies of
BMS including the relationship of BMS to disturbances of taste. A
brief review of current management strategies will also be presented.
Ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions
Elisabeth Lingg1, Sandra Weber2,
Eva Heuberger 1,3
1 University of Vienna, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics,
Vienna, Austria; 2 University of California, San Diego, Department
of Cognitive Science, La Jolla, California, USA; 3 Saarland
University, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarbruecken, Germany; e.heuberger@mx.uni-saarland.de
Fragrances, such as
plant odors, have been shown to evoke autonomic response patterns associated
with Ekman’s basic emotions happiness, surprise, anger, fear, sadness and
disgust. The present study evaluated the potency of ambient odors connoted with
an urban environment to evoke basic emotions by testing whether such odors
elicit emotion specific autonomic response patterns and cognitive associations.
Synthetic mixtures representing the odors of disinfectant, candles / bees wax,
summer air, burnt smell, vomit, mustiness and odorless water as a control were
presented five times in random order to 30 healthy, non-smoking human subjects with
intact sense of smell while physiological parameters, i.e., skin temperature,
skin conductance, breathing rate, forearm muscle activity, blink rate, heart
rate and heart rate variability, were recorded. Subjects also rated the odors
in terms of pleasantness and intensity and gave cognitive associations with the
basic emotions. The results showed that the amplitude of the skin conductance
response (SCR) varied as a function of odor presentation. Burnt smell and vomit
elicited significantly stronger SCRs than summer air. Also, a correlation was
revealed between SCR amplitude and hedonic odor valence indicating that SCR
amplitude increased with odor unpleasantness. However, no emotion specific
patterns of autonomic activity were identified. The analysis of the cognitive
associations between odors and basic emotions showed that candles / bees wax
and summer air were specifically associated with happiness whereas burnt smell
and vomit were associated with disgust. Our findings suggest that city odors
may evoke specific cognitive associations of basic emotions and that autonomic
activity elicited by such odors is related to odor hedonics but not necessarily
emotion specific.
Acknowledgements:
Financial support by Vienna Science and Technology Fund (grant no. CI06 009) is
greatly acknowledged.
The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an
indicator of congenital anosmia
Huart C1,2, Meusel T3, Gerber J4, Rombaux P1, Hummel T3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and 2Institute
of Neurosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,
Clinicien-Chercheur Doctorant FRS-FNRS; Departments of 3Otorhinolaryngology
and 4Neuroradiology, Technical University of Dresden Medical School,
Dresden, Germany. caro_huart@hotmail.com
In congenital anosmia, the olfactory bulb and
olfactory tract can be both aplastic or hypoplastic. In clinical routine they
are sometimes difficult to assess. We thus want to investigate morphologic
differences of the olfactory sulcus in patients with isolated anosmia (IA)
since birth or early childhood in comparison to controls in a large group of
subjects; to investigate whether the depth of the olfactory sulcus (OS)
indicates IA.
Within the context of a two-center study we
investigated 36 IA patients in comparison to 40 controls. Imaging was performed with a standard quadrature head
coil (1.5 T; T1 and T2-weighted spin echo sequences were
used (coronal plane perpendicular to frontal skull base). We assessed olfactory
bulb volume by planimetric contouring, and OS depth in the plane of the
posterior tangent through the eyeballs (PPTE).
Looking to the OS depth in the PPTE, none of the
healthy controls exhibited a depth of less than 8 mm. In IA patients, 10 had an
OS deeper than 8 mm, while 26 had OS depth lower than 8 mm. Thus, if we
consider an OS depth lower than 8 mm it clearly indicates IA, with a
specificity of 1 while the sensitivity is 0.72.
In IA, the OS depth in the PPTE is a useful clinical
indicator. Indeed, if it is ≤ 8 mm, it clearly indicates IA, with a
specificity of 1. If it is deeper, the measure does not clearly predict IA.
OLAF, a Sniffin' Sticks test software
C. Hummel1, A. Zucco2,
E. Iannilli1, B. Landis3, T. Hummel1
1 ENT Dept. of
University of Dresden Medical School, 2 University of Padova, Italy 3
Unbiversity of Bern, Switzerland; hummeltc@web.de
The Sniffin‘ Sticks test for the
assessment of olfactory threshold, odor identification and discrimination,
developed in the 1990s (Kobal, et al. 1996), has become a widely
used tool both in clinical and research
settings (Anzinger, et al. 2009; Gudziol and Hummel 2009;
Landis, et al. 2005). Originally pen-and-paper documented, it may
now be applied using a
computer program. The Filemaker (Filemaker Pro Advanced 11.0v2 by
FileMaker Inc.) based software „OLAF“ guides the examiner through any user defined
arrangement of the test battery, stores all data in a database, and offers
results sheets to be printed out for convenience. The program is available in
four languages – English, French, German, and Italian - which can be toggled by
a single mouse click, and is suitable for Windows as well as MacIntosh
platforms.
References
Anzinger A, Albrecht
J, Kopietz R, Kleemann AM, Schopf V, Demmel M, Schreder T, Eichhorn I, Wiesmann
M. (2009): Effects of laserneedle acupuncture on olfactory sensitivity of healthy
human subjects: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial.
Rhinology 47(2):153-9.
Gudziol V, Hummel T.
(2009): The influence of distractors on odor identification. Arch Otolaryngol
Head Neck Surg 135(2):143-5.
Kobal G, Hummel T,
Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, Wolf S. (1996):
"Sniffin' sticks": screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology
34(4):222-6.
Landis BN, Knecht M,
Huttenbrink KB, Lacroix JS, Hummel T. (2005): [Clinical aspects of dysosmia and
presentation of European Olfactory Test of "sniffin sticks": a
review]. J Otolaryngol 34(2):86-92.
From subjective to objective
electrogustometry
Tomasz
Kamiński and Antoni Grzanka
Warsaw
University of Technology, The Faculty of Electronics,
Warsaw, Poland; Tomasz_Kaminski@aster.pl;
A.Grzanka@elka.pw.edu.pl
This
work presents the construction of an electrogustometer employing the innovative
method of gustatory sense analysis – the bipolar stimulation. It consists in
simultaneous placement of the active and the passive electrodes on the surface
of the tongue. The stimulation takes place by means of rectangular waveform
current. This solution allows for high precision of the examination with low
voltage battery power thus providing full security for patients during clinical
examinations. This paper presents a construction of the electrodes specially
designed for this electrogustometer. The electrodes are positioned on the
tongue and the subject may close the mouth during the examination. This
increases the comfort both for the examiner and the patient. The paper also
presents the results of research employing the bipolar method, the first
results of the research employing the new type of electrodes as well as the
prospects of the electrogustometer’s development.
From manual to automatic subjective electrogustometry
Tomasz Kamiński1, Antoni
Grzanka1, Anna Choromańska1,2,
1 Warsaw University of Technology, The
Faculty of Electronics, Warsaw, Poland; 2 Department of Electrical
Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, USA; Tomasz_Kaminski@aster.pl, A.Grzanka@elka.pw.edu.pl, aec2163@columbia.edu
Electrogustometry is a simple and fast
method of taste examination. The so-far used electrogustometers applied the stimulus
usually by means of the electric direct current through the unipolar
stimulation method. The active electrode used to be placed on the tongue, the
passive electrode was held by the subject’s hand. This study presents
electrogustometers constructed on the basis of an innovative examination method
– the bipolar simulation. This method assures high precision of the
examination, thus a more exact mapping of the tongue surface. This consists in both the active and the
passive electrodes being placed on the tongue. It enables to the decrease the
voltage of the circuit and increase the safety of the patient during clinical
examination. Three different constructions of electrogustometers have been
presented, along with their mode of operation and the results achieved during
the gustatory sense examination.
Revisiting the myth
of the longevity of olfactory memory
Stina Cornell Kärnekull,
Fredrik U Jönsson, Johan Willander, & Maria Larsson
Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology,
Stockholm University, Sweden; stina.ck@hotmail.com
The relatively few studies that have assessed long-term
odor recognition memory indicates little forgetting across time (Engen &
Ross, 1973; Lawless, 1978; Lawless & Cain, 1975). This study investigated
episodic recognition memory for odors and faces in the long-term as a function
of familiarity and identifiability. Eighty-three subjects
encoded familiar and unfamiliar odors and faces and memory was assessed at four
occasions; immediate, 4, 16 and 64 days after encoding. The results showed that
irrespective of modality, memory for familiar stimuli was better than for
unfamiliar information. Importantly, there was a significant decline in odor
memory that was driven by an increment in false alarm rates over time. This
observation indicates that episodic retention of olfactory information is
susceptible to the passage of time. The influence of identifiability and
familiarity on the obtained forgetting functions will be further discussed.
References: Engen,
T., & Ross, B. M. 1973. Long-term memory of odors with
and without verbal descriptors. Journal of Experimental Psychology 100:
221-227. Lawless, H. T. 1978. Recognition
of common odors, pictures, and simple shapes. Percept Psychophys 24:
493-495. Lawless, H. T., & Cain, W. S. 1975. Recognition memory of odors. Chemical Senses and Flavour 1:
331-337.
Acknowledgment: This study was supported by grants from the Swedish
Research Council to ML.
Structural and
functional alterations in the olfaction system associated with Parkinson
Disease
Jochen Klucken1,
Carolin Moessnang2, Johannes Kahlis3, Nina Mallog3,
Beate Winner4, Gerhard Schuierer3, Mark Greenlee2,
Juergen Winkler1
1:
Division of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 2:
Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg,
3:
Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Regensburg, 4:
Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen;
all Germany; jochen.klucken@uk-erlangen.de
Olfactory deficit is an important premotor symptom in
Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD patients are often not aware of their smelling
deficiency which requires simple olfactory testing. Indeed, only 50% of PD
patients report an olfactory deficit, whereas about 90% have reduced olfaction
levels. Neuropathological findings report early degenerative changes in the
olfactory bulb (OB) in PD, potentially before the conversion into the
motor-stage of the disease. Thus, impaired olfaction and associated neuronal
structures might serve as a biomarker to identify subjects with an increased risk
to develop PD. We tested the hypothesis that impaired olfaction in PD is based
on functional impairment of signal transduction based on degenerated primary
olfactory structures (e.g. olfactory bulb and tract) resulting in reduced
neuronal activity in associated cortical areas. Using structural MRI we
detected a reduced size of the olfactory bulb in PD patients. However, using
event-related MR imaging during an odor detection paradigm using air dilution
olfactometry we observed a hyperactivation of higher ordered olfactory
structures suggesting a compensatory plasticity. Furthermore, primary olfactory
structures showed preserved discriminatory ability in contrast to a loss of
selectivity in secondary olfactory structures. We identified distinct activation
patterns within the disturbed olfactory network in PD consisting both of
dysfunctional disinhibition and compensatory up-regulation of neural activity
at different levels of olfactory information processing. Our results propose
that impairment of olfactory network function is a dynamic process during the
course of PD which can serve as diagnostic marker to identify different stages
of PD associated neurodegeneration. Measurements of OB volumes may be an
additional biomarker in the diagnosis of premotor stages in PD and easily
implemented in routine MR imaging procedure in early PD.
Genetic influences on
age-related olfactory decline
Maria
Larsson
Gösta
Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University and Stockholm
Brain Institute; maria.larsson@psychology.su.se
Scientific
evidence indicates large individual differences in olfactory function in old
age. The mechanisms are multifactorial and include demographic, environmental,
cognitive, and a range of health-related factors. However, knowledge is sparse
regarding specific genetic influences underlying individual differences in
olfaction. This talk will focus on two genes that have been linked to both the
aging process and olfactory function – the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
val66met and the apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Using longitudinal data (45-80 years)
from a large population-based sample, we have found that the BDNF is associated
with the rate of age-related olfactory decline such that older homozygote val carriers display a significant decline whereas older met
carriers show stability in olfactory function. Our work focusing on the ApoE
e4, a risk factor for dementia, indicates that the gene is associated with
olfactory processing deficits specifically in the elderly (75-80 years).
Interestingly, this deficit is not mediated by cognitive factors or by
pre-clinical dementia. Overall, our findings suggest that the BDNF val66met
polymorphism and the ApoE gene plays a significant
role for the integrity of the olfactory system in non-demented elderly
individuals.
Pierre-Marie
Lledo
Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Pasteur
Institute, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Tel: (33) 1 45
68 88 03 — Fax: (33) 1 45 68 83 69 — e-mail: pmlledo@pasteur.fr
The
olfactory brain is flexible, from cognitive areas all the way to the peripheral
areas in which sensory information is encoded so as to facilitate the
subsequent extraction of relevant information. It is becoming increasingly
clear that adaptability operates at the level of neural circuits. In the adult
olfactory brain, new neurons are constitutively generated throughout life and
form an integral part of the normal functional circuitry.
This
presentation focuses on the functional issues linked to the neurogenic
plasticity of the sense of smell. After outlining the processes of adult
neurogenesis in the olfactory system and discussing their regulation by various
factors, I will explore the possible functional role of newly formed neurons in
the host olfactory circuits. Concentrating exclusively on mammalian systems, I
will demonstrate throughout this presentation that adult neurogenesis is a
plastic mechanism by which brain performance can be optimized in a changing
word.
Trigeminal
chemosensation in pain research
Jörn
Lötsch
pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology,
Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; loetsch@em.uni-frankfurt.de
When
increasing their strength, trigeminal chemosensory stimuli cross the point of
pain threshold. This change toward pain is reflected in specific cerebral
activations mainly in the posterior insular cortex, whereas quantitative
information about the stimulus strength is processed in brain areas regarded as
the "pain matrix" (e.g., insula, primary and secondary somatosensory
cortex, amygdala, midcingulate cortex). Trigeminal pain thresholds are not
closely correlated with olfactory thresholds but with pain thresholds to
mechanical or electrical stimuli, indicating that chemosensation is composed of
two distinct systems, which nevertheless seem to share several molecular
pathways. The stinging pain sensation produced by short chemosensory trigeminal
stimuli consisting of carbon dioxide is transmitted via Adelta and C fibers in
the nociceptive system and evokes pain specific peripheral trigeminal signals
and cortical potentials. These signals have been repeatedly used to study the
pain specificity and dose relationship of drugs of many classical opioid and
non-opioid analgesics in human clinical pharmacology. The implications of
trigeminal chemosensation in pharmacological and physiological pain will be
presented.
The Importance of
Body Odors: from Neurons to Behavior and Back
Johan
N. Lundström
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA., and
Dept. of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. - jlundstrom@monell.org
Body
odors carry informational cues of great importance for individuals across a
wide range of species, and signals hidden within the body odor cocktail are
known to regulate several key behaviors in animals. For a long time, the notion
that humans may be among these species has been outright dismissed. We now
know, however, that also humans have unique odor signatures within our body
odors that carry information related to his or her genetic makeup, as well as
other pertinent information that helps guide our behavior. Data will be
presented demonstrating how the signals within our body odors are processed by
the brain and how these signals shape our perceptions and actions.
Acknowledgement:
JNL is funded by grants from the National
Institute for Deafness and Communication Disorders and the Swedish Research
Council.
Olfactory neuroblastoma: Our ten-year experience
Alberto Macchi°, studiodottormacchi@virgilio.it ;Fabio Ferreli°, fabio_ferreli@yahoo.it ; Luca Volpi^, lucavolpino@libero.it ; Stefania Gallo*, mary_jane@email.it; Paolo Castelnuovo°,
paologc@tin.it
° Clinica ORL,
Università dell’Insubria, Varese, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi,
Varese; ^ Clinica ORL, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Azienda Ospedaliera
Universitaria, Sassari; * Clinica ORL, Università degli Studi di Brescia,
Spedali Civili, Brescia
The olfactory
neuroblastoma is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor thought to originate from
the olfactory membrane of the sinonasal tract. It is uncommon, representing approximately 2-3% of sinonasal tract tumours, with a bimodal
age distribution. The main presenting symptoms are unilateral nasal obstruction
and epistaxis; less common manifestations include anosmia, headache, pain,
excessive lacrimation and ocular disturbances. Craniofacial resection followed
by radiotherapy is considered the gold standard of the treatment. It is
actually recognized the feasibility of the endoscopic endonasal resection,
eventually associated to a craniotomic approach, with respect of the
oncological criteria of radicality. From 1999 to 2009, 30 patients were treated
for olfactory neuroblastoma at the Universitary Hospital of Varese and Brescia
(Italy). 27 patients underwent a pure endoscopic endonasal resection, whereas 3
patients were treated with cranioendoscopic technique. Adjuvant radiotherapy
was performed in 60% of cases. Overall Survival, Disease Free Survival e Recurrence Free Survival after
5 years are rispectively of 100%, 93,7% ± 6,05% and 75,6% ± 11,0%. Rate of
complications is about 16,6%. These results are
comparable to the ones reached with the standard craniofacial resection and
allow us to carry on our experience in performing the endoscopic technique for
the treatment of olfactory neuroblstoma. Larger and longer
studies are needed.
Acknowledgements: Castelnuovo P, Bignami M, Delù G, Battaglia P,
Bignardi M, Dallan I: Endonasal endoscopic resection and radiotherapy in
olfactory neuroblastoma: our experience. Head
& Neck Sep;29(9):845-50, 2007.
Exploring monomolecular odorants.
Christian Margot
Firmenich, Basel, Switzerland
Tracing
the temporal dynamics of olfactory processing with EEG source imaging
Christoph M. Michel, Agustina
Lascano, Basile N. Landis, and Thomas Hummel
Neuroscience
Department, University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland; christoph.michel@unige.ch
EEG source imaging (ESI) based on
distributed inverse solutions of scalp multichannel evoked potentials is a new
tool to study the temporal sequence of cortical activation after sensory
stimulation in humans. Because of the excellent temporal resolution, ESI
provides information on serial versus parallel neuronal processing as well as
bottom-up versus top-down information flow. While ESI has been successfully
applied to visual, auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials, olfactory
processing has only been studied with functional neuroimaging methods that have
no temporal resolution (PET, fMRI). Consequently, brain structures involved in
central nervous olfactory processing in humans are well known, but little is
known about the temporal sequence of their activation. We will present the
basic methodological approach that allows studying the temporal dynamics of
information processing with multichannel evoked potentials, and then present a
study on 64-channel olfactory evoked potentials to H2S stimuli presented to the
left and right nostril in healthy subjects. Four distinct processing steps were
identified between 200 and 1000 ms. Activation started ipsilateral to the
stimulated nostril in the mesial and lateral temporal cortex, followed by
activation of the corresponding structures on the contralateral side and
finally by frontal structures. These results suggest that olfactory information
in humans is processed first ipsilaterally to the stimulated nostril and then
activates the major relays in olfactory information processing in both
hemispheres.
High-resolution spatio-temporal
characterization of olfactory information processing using simultaneous
EEG-fMRI
Carolin Mößnang, Christina
Regenbogen, Thilo Kellermann, Andreas Finkelmeyer, Ute Habel
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University,
Germany
Study Aims: In contrast to other sensory modalities, human olfaction has
rather been neglected in imaging research, presumably arising from
methodological difficulties (e.g. susceptibility artifacts in imaging of
mediobasal structures, distortion of electrophysiological signals originating
from basal brain regions). By applying simultaneous EEG/fMRI imaging,
advantages of both imaging techniques can be combined to investigate key processes
of olfactory information processing in high temporal and spatial resolution
without the trade-offs of a single-technique approach.
Methods: Subjects (n=16) were exposed to visual and olfactory stimuli
(neutral or disgusted facial expressions and neutral or unpleasant odors,
yielding four different stimulus combinations) while engaging in a perceptual
decision task (uni- vs. bimodal stimulus perception). Electrophysiological data
were recorded using a 64-channel EEG device (BrainProducts,
Data Analysis: For fMRI data analysis, individual SPM{T}s were entered into
a full factorial, flexible design to reveal robust activation in olfactory and
visual brain areas (FWE p<.05). EEG data were preprocessed using various
protocols to determine the optimal strategy for artifact reduction. Analysis
was subsequently performed in both time and frequency domain in a
trial-by-trial manner and averaged across conditions.
Outlook: Further analysis will focus on the integration of both
modalities. In EEG-informed fMRI analysis, trial-by-trial parameters extracted
from EEG will be incorporated into fMRI data analysis as parametric HRF
modulator. In fMRI-informed EEG analysis, fMRI results will be used to
determine spatial constraints for source localization analysis in EEG.
On the relation between perceived intensity and
pleasantness of olfactory stimuli and brain activity observed using functional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Friedrich Müller1, Necla Soyak1, Kathrin Kandel1, Bernd Weber2, Jennifer Faber2