The main opening hours of shops in Germany are officially from Monday to Saturday, 6am to 10pm, but the actual opening hours are determined by each individual shop.
In general you can say, smaller shops in quiet streets have the shortest opening hours.

Grocery:

Every city district has its bakery, butcher and supermarket (Netto, Aldi, Lidl, Kaufland, Konsum, Frida, Rewe etc.).

International specialities:

Arabic Food

1001-Nacht Shop, Bayrische Str./Am Hauptbahnhof, 01069 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 4709817, www.1001-nacht-shop.de
Orient-Bazar, Königsbrücker Straße 6c, 01099 Dresden Tel.: (0351) 2723820, http://orientbasar.blogspot.com 

Asian Food

Asia Hongmai, Striesener Straße 45, 01307 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 4403811, www.asia-hongmai.de 
Saigon Minimarkt, Wiener Platz 3, 01069 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 4383697
Asia Food Tuan Lan, Großenhainer Str. 29, 01097 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 8112139, www.asiafood-tuanlan.de/home.html 
S.I.S Indian Shop, Louisenstraße 3, 01099 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 8412918, www.indianshop-dresden.de 

Russian Food

Rusmarkt GmbH, Pfotenhauer Str. 45, 01307 Dresden, www.rusmarkt.info 

Kosher Food

ALEF, Tiergartenstraße 82, 01219 Dresden, Tel.: (0351) 44723336, www.koscherdresden.de 

Shopping:

From the main station over Prager Straße until Altmarkt you will find countless stores and two shopping centers. In Dresden-Neustadt there are also a lot of small shops, some of them extraordinary.